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{{Infobox Person| name = William Gillbert| image = William Gilbert.jpg| caption = Dr William Gilbert| birth_date = May 24, 1544| birth_place = Colchester| occupation = physician, natural philosopher-->
William Gilbert, also known as Gilbard ([Colchester, England, England, May 24,
1544 – London,
England, November 30, 1603) was an English physician and a natural philosopher. He was an early Copernican, and passionately rejected both the prevailing
Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. After gaining his MD from Cambridge in 1569, and a short spell as bursar of St John's College, Cambridge, he left for practice in London and in 1600 was elected President of the College of Physicians (not by that point granted a royal charter). From 1601 until his death in 1603, he was
Elizabeth I of England's own physician, and James I of England renewed his appointment.
Scientifically, Gilbert is known for his investigations of
magnetism and electricity. Gilbert is credited as one of the originators of the term "electricity", and many regard him as the father of electrical engineering or father of
electricity.
Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 2000, CD-ROM, version 2.5.
His primary work was
De Magnete (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth) published in 1600. In this work he describes many of his experiments with his model earth called the terrella. From his experiments, he concluded that the
Earth's magnetic field was itself
magnetic and that this was the reason compasses pointed north (previously, some believed that it was the pole star (Polaris) or a large magnetic island on the north pole that attracted the compass).
The English word "electricity" was first used in 1646 by Sir Thomas Browne, derived from Gilbert's 1600 New Latin
electricus, meaning "like amber". The term was in use since the 1200s, but Gilbert was the first to use it to mean "like amber in its attractive properties". He recognized that friction with these objects removed an "
effluvium", which would cause the attraction effect in returning to the object, though he did not realize that this substance (electric charge) was universal to all materials.{{Cite journal] using amber; amber is called
elektron in Greek, so Gilbert decided to call its effect the
electric force.
Like others of his day, he believed that "crystal" (
quartz) was an especially hard form of water, formed from compressed
ice:
Gilbert argued that electricity and magnetism were not the same thing. For evidence, he (incorrectly) pointed out that, while electrical attraction disappeared with heat, magnetic attraction did not. It took James Clerk Maxwell to show that both effects were aspects of a single force: electromagnetism. Even then, Maxwell simply surmised this in his
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism after much analysis. By keeping clarity, Gilbert's strong distinction advanced science for nearly 250 years.
Gilbert's
magnetism was the invisible force that many other natural philosophers, such as
Johannes Kepler, seized upon, incorrectly, as governing the motions that they observed. While not attributing magnetism to attraction among the stars, Gilbert pointed out the motion of the skies were due to earth's rotation, and not the rotation of the spheres, 20 years before Galileo (see external reference below).
A unit of
magnetomotive force, also known as
magnetic potential, was named the gilbert in his honor.
Gilbert died on November 30, 1603. His cause of death is thought to have been the
bubonic plague. William Gilbert brief biography at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory William Gilbert brief biography at bbc.co.uk
Whilst today he is generally referred to as
William Gilbert, he also went under the name of
William Gilberd. The latter was used in his and his father's epitaph, the records of the town of Colchester, the Biographical Memoir in
De Magnete, and the name of The
Gilberd School in Colchester, named after Gilbert.
Further reading
- Gilbert, William. (1600), De Magnete (About the Magnet). Translated 1893 from Latin to English by Paul Fleury Mottelay, Dover Books, paperback.
- Leary, Warren E. (2000), Celebrating the Book That Ushered In the Age of Science, The New York Times, June 13, 2000.
- Pumfrey, Stephen & Tilley, David. (2003). William Gilbert: forgotten genius, Physics World, November; online edition
- Pumfrey, Stephen. (2002). Latitude & the Magnetic Earth, Icon Books, paperback.
- {{Cite journal
| last = Shipley| first = Brian C| title = Gilbert, Translated: Silvanus P. Thompson, the Gilbert Club, and the Tercentenary Edition of De Magnete| journal = Canadian Journal of History| year = 2003| month = August| url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200308/ai_n9252195-->
External links
- The Galileo Project — biography of William Gilbert.
- On the Magnet — Translation of De Magnete by Silvanus Thompson for the Gilbert Club, London 1900. Full text, free to read and search. Go to page 9 and read Gilbert saying the earth revolves leading to the motion of the skies.
- The Great Magnet, the Earth — website hosted by NASA — Commemorating the 400th anniversary of "De Magnete" by William Gilbert of Colchester.
- William Gilbert Founder Of Terrestrial Magnetism
{{Infobox Person| name = William Gillbert| image = William Gilbert.jpg| caption = Dr William Gilbert| birth_date = May 24, 1544| birth_place = Colchester| occupation = physician, natural philosopher-->
William Gilbert, also known as Gilbard ([Colchester, England,
England, May 24, 1544 –
London, England, November 30,
1603) was an English physician and a natural philosopher. He was an early Copernican, and passionately rejected both the prevailing Aristotelian philosophy and the Scholastic method of university teaching. After gaining his MD from Cambridge in 1569, and a short spell as bursar of St John's College, Cambridge, he left for practice in London and in 1600 was elected President of the College of Physicians (not by that point granted a royal charter). From 1601 until his death in 1603, he was
Elizabeth I of England's own physician, and James I of England renewed his appointment.
Scientifically, Gilbert is known for his investigations of
magnetism and electricity. Gilbert is credited as one of the originators of the term "electricity", and many regard him as the father of electrical engineering or father of
electricity.
Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 2000, CD-ROM, version 2.5.
His primary work was
De Magnete (On the Magnet and Magnetic Bodies, and on the Great Magnet the Earth) published in 1600. In this work he describes many of his experiments with his model earth called the
terrella. From his experiments, he concluded that the Earth's magnetic field was itself magnetic and that this was the reason
compasses pointed north (previously, some believed that it was the pole star (
Polaris) or a large magnetic island on the north pole that attracted the compass).
The English word "electricity" was first used in 1646 by
Sir Thomas Browne, derived from Gilbert's 1600 New Latin
electricus, meaning "like amber". The term was in use since the 1200s, but Gilbert was the first to use it to mean "like amber in its attractive properties". He recognized that friction with these objects removed an "
effluvium", which would cause the attraction effect in returning to the object, though he did not realize that this substance (electric charge) was universal to all materials.{{Cite journal] using amber; amber is called
elektron in Greek, so Gilbert decided to call its effect the
electric force.
Like others of his day, he believed that "crystal" (
quartz) was an especially hard form of
water, formed from compressed ice:
Gilbert argued that electricity and magnetism were not the same thing. For evidence, he (incorrectly) pointed out that, while electrical attraction disappeared with heat, magnetic attraction did not. It took
James Clerk Maxwell to show that both effects were aspects of a single force: electromagnetism. Even then, Maxwell simply surmised this in his
A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism after much analysis. By keeping clarity, Gilbert's strong distinction advanced science for nearly 250 years.
Gilbert's
magnetism was the invisible force that many other natural philosophers, such as Johannes Kepler, seized upon, incorrectly, as governing the motions that they observed. While not attributing magnetism to attraction among the stars, Gilbert pointed out the motion of the skies were due to earth's rotation, and not the rotation of the spheres, 20 years before Galileo (see external reference below).
A unit of
magnetomotive force, also known as magnetic potential, was named the gilbert in his honor.
Gilbert died on
November 30, 1603. His cause of death is thought to have been the bubonic plague. William Gilbert brief biography at National High Magnetic Field Laboratory William Gilbert brief biography at bbc.co.uk
Whilst today he is generally referred to as
William Gilbert, he also went under the name of
William Gilberd. The latter was used in his and his father's epitaph, the records of the town of Colchester, the Biographical Memoir in
De Magnete, and the name of The
Gilberd School in Colchester, named after Gilbert.
Further reading
- Gilbert, William. (1600), De Magnete (About the Magnet). Translated 1893 from Latin to English by Paul Fleury Mottelay, Dover Books, paperback.
- Leary, Warren E. (2000), Celebrating the Book That Ushered In the Age of Science, The New York Times, June 13, 2000.
- Pumfrey, Stephen & Tilley, David. (2003). William Gilbert: forgotten genius, Physics World, November; online edition
- Pumfrey, Stephen. (2002). Latitude & the Magnetic Earth, Icon Books, paperback.
- {{Cite journal
| last = Shipley| first = Brian C| title = Gilbert, Translated: Silvanus P. Thompson, the Gilbert Club, and the Tercentenary Edition of De Magnete| journal = Canadian Journal of History| year = 2003| month = August| url = http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3686/is_200308/ai_n9252195-->
External links
- The Galileo Project — biography of William Gilbert.
- On the Magnet — Translation of De Magnete by Silvanus Thompson for the Gilbert Club, London 1900. Full text, free to read and search. Go to page 9 and read Gilbert saying the earth revolves leading to the motion of the skies.
- The Great Magnet, the Earth — website hosted by NASA — Commemorating the 400th anniversary of "De Magnete" by William Gilbert of Colchester.
- William Gilbert Founder Of Terrestrial Magnetism
William Gilbert Home Page
Celebrating William Gilbert (1763-1825) Author of The Hurricane, Theosphical Visionary, Astrologer and Poet
Further Information
Aids to researching William Gilbert, author of The Hurricane with bibliography ... The Current State of Research. Interest in William Gilbert has been largely confined to scholars ...
William Gilbert Endowed Primary School - Home Page
William Gilbert Endowed Primary School, Duffield, Derbyshire. Vicarage Lane, Duffield, Derby. DE56 4EB. Tel / Fax 01332 840395
BBC - History - William Gilbert (1544 - 1603)
Gilbert was an English physician and scientist, the first man to research the properties of the lodestone (magnetic iron ore), publishing his findings in the influential De Magnete ...
BBC - Gloucestershire - People - William Gilbert Grace (1848-1915)
Find out about a Gloucestershire legend who by some, has been titled with making cricket the first modern spectator sport.
I6042: William Gilbert ( - )
1st stop for West Country Genealogy, History and Heraldry. Visitations of Devon, Dorset, Wiltshire, Gloucestershire online!
William Gilbert - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
William Gilbert, also known as Gilbard (Colchester, England, May 24, 1544 – London, England, November 30, 1603) was an English physician and a natural philosopher.
The Galileo Project | Science | William Gilbert
William Gilbert (1544-1603) William Gilbert was born in Colchester, England, into a middle class family of some wealth. He entered St.
Grim's Dyke Hotel - a brief history of Grim's Dyke
Grim's Dyke Hotel is a lovely country house hotel which was formerly the country residence of WS Gilbert of Gilbert & Sullivan fame. The carefully restored Victorian mansion is set ...
William Gilbert, De Mundo Nostro Sublunari, History
History at Lancaster University ... Home > Research > William Gilbert, De Mundo Nostro Sublunari «Back. Summary: Dr.
